On August 1, Tony Vacanti spoke at the National Business Institute (NBI) seminar “Land Use and Zoning from Start to Finish” in Independence, Ohio. The seminar served as a practical guide to land use and zoning approval and issues. Tony discussed challenging and defending the constitutionality of zoning and land use actions, including takings without just compensation, due process challenges, equal protection challenges, and property rights and limitations on police power.